Following are sources and contributors to the Press Maintenance Manual
Acknowledgments
Special thanks for help in preparing the Extrusion Press Maintenance Manual are extended to:
Ennio Alberti, of Metra Group, for assistance in recommended maintenance procedures and schedules.Belco, Inc., for their assistance and for permission to use portions of their maintenance instructions.Domenico Bertoli, of Sepal SpA, for information on Minimizing the Occurrence of Flared Billets.Phil Dibb of Oilgear, Inc., for permission to use his presentation material on Maintenance of Electrical Motors.Richard Dickson, Hydro Aluminum, for information on Press Alignment and other subjects.Gary Dion, formerly of Nova Tool and Die, Inc., for permission to reprint “Preventive Maintenance of Extrusion Tooling.”Jim Dyla, of Amcol Corporation, for permission to reprint “Instructions for Installation, Start-Up, and Maintenance of Precision Saw Lubricant Applicators,” and “Lubrication of Extrusion Press Tooling.”Dan Dunn, of Castool, who has provided substantial support through various workshops.Mario Gottardi, Erection Supervisor for OMAV SpA, for permission to use information from his Recommended Maintenance brochures for press feeding lines and handling systems.Granco-Clark, Inc., for their assistance and for permission to use portions of their maintenance instructions.Jack Hayes, of Oilgear, Inc., for permission to use portions of his paper “Proper System Maintenance to Avoid Contamination, Cavitation, and Over-Pressure.”Steve James, of Aluminum Shapes, Inc., for assistance and sound advice.Chris Jowett, for information on Press Alignment and many other subjects.P. Gopalan Kutty, of Gulf Extrusions, Dubai, for his contribution to “The Voice of Experience,” Chapter 1.Joseph E.V. Mulder, of the University of Otago, New Zealand, for permission to use his information on “Extrusion Press Alignment with Modern Technology.”John O. Nøkleby, of Det Norske Veritas, for permission to reprint “Adapting Extrusion Presses for a High Cycle Fatigue Load Environment.”North American Mfg., for permission to reprint maintenance and product bulletins for combustion equipment, including portions of “Practical Pointers - Industrial Burner Control Systems.”The Oilgear Company, Inc., for permission to reproduce various brochures in Chapter 5.Jim Pope for his contributions on Extrusion Container Care and Maintenance.Ken Summerfield and Jim Bjerregaard of Oilgear for their help in revising and updating Chapter 5 – Hydraulics.David Turnipseed, for permission to reprint his paper on “Extrusion Press Electrical Systems,“ and to him and his Maintenance Team at Cardinal Aluminum for new contributions on Routine Maintenance and Troubleshooting, used in Chapters 1 and 6.Javier Valdez, of Cuprum Aluminio SA, for recommendations on many related subjects.Charles White, extrusion plant equipment designer and CAD drafter par excellence, for help in preparing illustrations.
And especially to:Ann Marie Fellom, Publisher of Light Metal Age, who, along with the entire staff of Fellom Publishing, who encouraged and supported this project; she contributed to the design and “feel” of the manual, and worked hard to make its publication possible.
We also thank the manual’s Sponsors for helping to make the preparation, publication, and frequent updates of this manual possible.
References
1984 Saw Noise Report and 1987 Saw Noise Report. Aluminum Extruders Council, Chicago IL, USA.Aluminum Extruders Council, “Extrusion Dies and Tooling Manual: Recommended Handling and Maintenance,” www.aec.org.Allen-Bradley Division of Rockwell Automation, “Maintenance of Industrial Control Equipment,” from Publication C-111, March 1995. 1201 South Second Street, Milwaukee WI 53204.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, “Graphic Symbols for Fluid Power Diagrams - USAS Standard Y32.10,” Fairfield NJ 07007.Anthofer, E.J., “Press Alignment,” Proceedings of 2nd International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1977), p. 169-173.Baldwin, M. Dana, “Extrusion Sawing: Tighter Tolerance at Quadruple Production,” Modern Metals Magazine, January, 1996.Bartelt, Alan, “Extrusion Hazards and Risk Reduction,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Beer, Stefan, “Improved Operation of Single Billet Induction Heaters by Modern Plant Design and Modern Plant Technology,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Bergman, John, “Press Alignment Using 3D Laser Technology,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (2002), Chicago.Bessey, Guy, “Fixed Dummy Block Design,” Proceedings of 4th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1988), p. 131-133.Bugai, John, “Billet/Log Furnace and Shear Maintenance,” papers presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminars, (1991 and 1995), Chicago.Castle, Alan F., “Fixed Dummy Block Extrusion,” Proceedings of 4th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1988), p. 134-134.Castle, Alan F., “Improving Fixed Dummy Block Performance,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1996), p. 301-304.Chien, Ken; Dixon, Bill; Robbins, Paul; and Jowett, Chris; “The Design and Benefits of a Thermally Stable ontainer,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.427-450.Colden, Rick, and Cramlet, Adam, “Catastrophic Failure: A 48 Hour Remedy,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Conserva, M., Donzelli, G., and Trippodo, R., Aluminium and its Applications, Edimet SpA, via Corfu 102, 25124 Brescia, Italy.Crosti, M., “’Thermal Alignment’: Temperature Control in Extrusion Technology,” presented at Aluminium 2000, Rome, March 2003.Cunningham, James, “Review of Proper Bolting Practices – Applying Torque or Tension to a Bolted Connection,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.521-535.Davidson, Wilson, and Kazanowski, Pawel, “Analysis and Modification of a Prematurely Fractured Container Shifting Rod,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.537-554.Demar, Ben, Basic Mechanical Aspects of an Extrusion Press Rebuild, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.Demar, Ben, Understanding Your Press Components from a Maintenance Perspective, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, October, 2021.Dickson, Richard, and Jowett, Chris, Press Alignment and its Impact on Extrusion Performance, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2014.Douglas, M., “High Temperature Textile Products for Aluminum Extrusion Handling Systems,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1996), p. 287-292.Dunn, Dan, Press Tooling and Die Heating, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.Dunn, Dan, Press Tooling & Temperature Control, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshops, Atlanta, October 2021 and June, 2023.Dyla, James, “Protect Your Press Tools,” Proceedings of 7th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol II, (2000), p. 277-282.Dyla, James, “Enhanced Tool Lubrication Systems,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Dyla, James, Aluminum Extrusion Process Lubrication Systems, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.Eidson, B., “Improving Equipment Effectiveness Through Total Productive Manufacturing,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1996), p. 315-319.Ferryman, Roger L., “Proper Handling of Hydraulic Oil in the Extrusion Press,” Proceedings of 5th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1992), p. 583-585.Fielding, Roger A. P. and A. J. Bryant, “The Quest for Optimal Extrusion Billet Heating,” Light Metal Age, Vol. 59, No. 8, August 2001, 24 – 36.Fourmann, Jerome, Metallurgy and Artificial Ageing Principals, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.“Fractography,” ASM Metals Handbook, 9th Ed., Vol. 12, ASM International, 1992.Freese, Howard W., “Alignment of the Extrusion Press,” Proceedings of 3rd International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1984), p. 105 111.Freri, Enrico, “Advantages of a ’Special Nozzles’ Cooling Tunnel,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Gaube, Doris, “Technical Textiles for Handling Systems: Introducing High Tech While Avoiding Basic Mistakes,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Gramaticopolo, F., “Flying Cut Puller Without Hand-off,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Gramaticopolo, F., and Kennedy, Al, “Modifications to the Extrusion Press and Handling System for Increased Reliability and Productivity,” Proceedings of 5th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1992), p. 263-271.Grube, Jeff, Extrusion Press Hydraulics, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2015.Hahnel, Werner, “Mastering Challenges in Aluminum Extrusion Through the Use of Premium Steels,” Aluminium International Today, September/October 2021, page 37.Hahnel, Werner, and Herder, Manfred, “Tool Steel and Design of Modern Containers for Extrusion of Light Metal,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Hayes, Jack, “Proper System Maintenance to Avoid Contamination and Cavitation,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1991), Chicago.Hull, D., “Fractography. Observing, Measuring and Interpreting Fracture Surface Topography,” Cambridge University Press, 1999.Industrial Ventilation Manual, published by the Committee on Industrial Ventilation, PO Box 16153, Lansing MI 48901 USA. Sales: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1300 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati OH 45240 USA. www.acgih.org/resources/press/vent25th.htm.Jenista, David, “Practical Non-Contact Temperature Measurement for Gas-Fired Billet Heating Furnaces,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Johnen, Willi, “Further Developments with Regard to Single-Billet Induction Heaters for Light Metal Extrusion Billets,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Jowett, Chris, “The Importance of Tooling Temperature Control,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Jowett, Chris; Johannes, Veikko; Langille, Al; Fraser, Warren; and Yoshimura, Hideki, “The Causes of Variation in Extruded Section Weight,” Proceedings of 7th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (2000), p. 1-16.Kennedy, Al, “Modernizing the Extrusion Press and Handling System: Adapting New Technology to Older Plants,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1996), p. 105-112.Kennedy, Al, “Modernizing the Extrusion Press and Handling System,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1991), Chicago.Kennedy, Al, “Modernizing the Older Press and Related Equipment,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1995), Chicago.Kennedy, Al, “Ten High-Tech Tools for Extrusion Plant Maintenance,” presented at the Aluminium 2000 Conference in Rome, March, 2003.Kennedy, Al, “The Extrusion Press Line for 2024: A Forecast,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004)Laue, Kurt, and Stenger, Helmut, Extrusion, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073.Lowery, Alex, “Developing Hazardous Energy Isolation Programs,” Light Metal Age Magazine, Octgober, 2023, page 66.Luscombe, Jon, “Log Furnace Maintenance,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1995), Chicago.Luscombe, Jon, “Billet Heaters and Log Shears: Servicing for Optimum Performance,” presentation at AEC Maintenance Seminar, (2002), Chicago.MacGregor, Charles W., “Mechanical Properties of Materials,” Marks’ Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, NY, p. 5-2.Mahmoodkhani, Yahya, and Paul Robbins; “Material Selecction for Extrusion Tooling, Part I,” Light Metal Age Magazine, October 2021, page 30. Mahmoodkhani, Yahya, and Paul Robbins; “Material Selecction for Extrusion Tooling, Part II,” Light Metal Age Magazine, December 2021, page 16. Manganello, Ron, "Non-Destructive Examination of Extrusion Press Hydraulic Cylinders," Proceedings of Extrusion Technology Seminar ET12, Miami, May 2012.Marinelli, M., “Building a Better Age Oven,” Proceedings of 7th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (2000), p. 469-472.Mason, Bill, and Molitor, Mel, Session on Die Correction at 1989 Die Workshop, Aluminum Extruders Council, (October 1989), Chicago.Maxon Corporation, “Maxon ‘400’ OVENPAK® Gas Burners – Installation and Start-Up Instructions,” www.maxoncorp.com.Mulder, Joseph E. V., and Smith, Gavin J., “Extrusion Press Alignment with Modern Technology,” Proceedings of 7th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (2000), p. 455-463.New York Blower Company, The, “Installation, Maintenance, Operating Instructions,” 7660 Quincy Street, Willowbrook IL 60521-5596, USA.Nøkleby, J.O., “Adapting Extrusion Presses for a High Cycle Fatigue Load Environment,” presentation at AEC Maintenance Seminar, (1995), Chicago.North American Combustion Handbook, 2nd Edition, North American Mfg. Co., Cleveland OH 44105 USA, p. 296.Oilgear Company, The, “Service Suggestions,” Bulletin 910000A, March, 1994. 2300 So. 51st. Street, Milwaukee WI 53219.Oilgear Company, The, “Hydraulic System Survival Techniques,” Bulletin 90012, December, 1994. 2300 So. 51st. Street, Milwaukee WI 53219.Oilgear Company, The, “Filtration Recommendations,” Bulletin 90007-D, May, 1994. 2300 So. 51st. Street, Milwaukee WI 53219.Oilgear Company, The, “Piping Information,” Bulletin 90011-F, May, 1994. 2300 So. 51st. Street, Milwaukee WI 53219.Oilgear Company, The, “Instructions – Storage Recommendations for Oilgear Units,” 90006B, May, 1994. 2300 So. 51st. Street, Milwaukee WI 53219.Pope, James M., “Extrusion Container Care and Maintenance,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (2002), Chicago.Proceedings of the Workshop on the Control of Metal Sawing Noise in the Aluminum Industry, June, (1976). The Aluminum Association, Washington DC.Parker Filter Division, “Parker Hydraulic Products and Total Systems Engineering,” Metamora OH. Catalog 0108, p. 179.Ramanan, Ram, “How to Obtain the Most from Your Ageing Ovens,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1996), p. 269-273.Robbins, Paul, “Dummy Blocks, Clean Out Blocks, Lubrication and Film Coatings, and Alignment (the Enemy),” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1995), Chicago.Robbins, Paul, “Superextruders: Improving Container Life Through Temperature Control,” Light Metal Age Magazine, April 2003, Page 44.Robbins, Paul; Dixon, Bill; Chien, Ken; and Jowett, Chris; “Today’s Understanding of the Function and Benefits of DummyBlock Design,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.387-404.Rutkowski, Richard, “Upgrading Extrusion Presses with Variable Frequency Drives,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Sant, Russell J., “Preventive Maintenance: If It Ain’t Broken, Don’t Fix It!” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1991), Chicago.Schreiber, Marco; Sacristani, Giovanni; Guilotta, Giorgio; and Fraternale, Paolo; “Energy Saving in Extrusion Presses – Latest Developments,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.471-487.Spizzo, M., “Innovative F.T.S. Three Puller Automatic Stretcher System,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Stewart, John S., “Aluminum Extrusion Sawing Noise Reduction,” Proceedings of 4th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1988), p. 423 427.Stott, J.G. and B. Wilkins, “A Low Energy, Reliable, Electro-Hydraulic System for Extrusion Presses,” Proceedings of the Seventh International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (2000), o. 465-468.Sudhakara, C. J., Information on a catastrophic extrusion press hydraulics fire, with recommendations for preventing recurrence.Turla, Davide, and Guerrini, Alessandro, “Eco+Logic 2.0 – Saving Energy at the Extrusion Press,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.489-498.Van Dine, Dennis, “Thermal Control of the Extrusion Press Container,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004)Wieser, Volker; Sommitsch, Christof; Haberfellner, Kurt; and Lehofer, Paul;” New Developments in the Design and Production of Container Assemblies, “ Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Wirtz, Rodney, “A Lock Out/Tag Out Procedure that Works,” Proceedings of 4th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1988), p. 421 422.Wu, Benson, “The Competitiveness of the Chinese Extrusion Industry,” presented at Aluminium 2000, Rome, March 2003, sponsored by Interall SRL, Modena, Italy.
Acknowledgments
Special thanks for help in preparing the Extrusion Press Maintenance Manual are extended to:
Ennio Alberti, of Metra Group, for assistance in recommended maintenance procedures and schedules.Belco, Inc., for their assistance and for permission to use portions of their maintenance instructions.Domenico Bertoli, of Sepal SpA, for information on Minimizing the Occurrence of Flared Billets.Phil Dibb of Oilgear, Inc., for permission to use his presentation material on Maintenance of Electrical Motors.Richard Dickson, Hydro Aluminum, for information on Press Alignment and other subjects.Gary Dion, formerly of Nova Tool and Die, Inc., for permission to reprint “Preventive Maintenance of Extrusion Tooling.”Jim Dyla, of Amcol Corporation, for permission to reprint “Instructions for Installation, Start-Up, and Maintenance of Precision Saw Lubricant Applicators,” and “Lubrication of Extrusion Press Tooling.”Dan Dunn, of Castool, who has provided substantial support through various workshops.Mario Gottardi, Erection Supervisor for OMAV SpA, for permission to use information from his Recommended Maintenance brochures for press feeding lines and handling systems.Granco-Clark, Inc., for their assistance and for permission to use portions of their maintenance instructions.Jack Hayes, of Oilgear, Inc., for permission to use portions of his paper “Proper System Maintenance to Avoid Contamination, Cavitation, and Over-Pressure.”Steve James, of Aluminum Shapes, Inc., for assistance and sound advice.Chris Jowett, for information on Press Alignment and many other subjects.P. Gopalan Kutty, of Gulf Extrusions, Dubai, for his contribution to “The Voice of Experience,” Chapter 1.Joseph E.V. Mulder, of the University of Otago, New Zealand, for permission to use his information on “Extrusion Press Alignment with Modern Technology.”John O. Nøkleby, of Det Norske Veritas, for permission to reprint “Adapting Extrusion Presses for a High Cycle Fatigue Load Environment.”North American Mfg., for permission to reprint maintenance and product bulletins for combustion equipment, including portions of “Practical Pointers - Industrial Burner Control Systems.”The Oilgear Company, Inc., for permission to reproduce various brochures in Chapter 5.Jim Pope for his contributions on Extrusion Container Care and Maintenance.Ken Summerfield and Jim Bjerregaard of Oilgear for their help in revising and updating Chapter 5 – Hydraulics.David Turnipseed, for permission to reprint his paper on “Extrusion Press Electrical Systems,“ and to him and his Maintenance Team at Cardinal Aluminum for new contributions on Routine Maintenance and Troubleshooting, used in Chapters 1 and 6.Javier Valdez, of Cuprum Aluminio SA, for recommendations on many related subjects.Charles White, extrusion plant equipment designer and CAD drafter par excellence, for help in preparing illustrations.
And especially to:Ann Marie Fellom, Publisher of Light Metal Age, who, along with the entire staff of Fellom Publishing, who encouraged and supported this project; she contributed to the design and “feel” of the manual, and worked hard to make its publication possible.
We also thank the manual’s Sponsors for helping to make the preparation, publication, and frequent updates of this manual possible.
References
1984 Saw Noise Report and 1987 Saw Noise Report. Aluminum Extruders Council, Chicago IL, USA.Aluminum Extruders Council, “Extrusion Dies and Tooling Manual: Recommended Handling and Maintenance,” www.aec.org.Allen-Bradley Division of Rockwell Automation, “Maintenance of Industrial Control Equipment,” from Publication C-111, March 1995. 1201 South Second Street, Milwaukee WI 53204.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, “Graphic Symbols for Fluid Power Diagrams - USAS Standard Y32.10,” Fairfield NJ 07007.Anthofer, E.J., “Press Alignment,” Proceedings of 2nd International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1977), p. 169-173.Baldwin, M. Dana, “Extrusion Sawing: Tighter Tolerance at Quadruple Production,” Modern Metals Magazine, January, 1996.Bartelt, Alan, “Extrusion Hazards and Risk Reduction,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Beer, Stefan, “Improved Operation of Single Billet Induction Heaters by Modern Plant Design and Modern Plant Technology,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Bergman, John, “Press Alignment Using 3D Laser Technology,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (2002), Chicago.Bessey, Guy, “Fixed Dummy Block Design,” Proceedings of 4th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1988), p. 131-133.Bugai, John, “Billet/Log Furnace and Shear Maintenance,” papers presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminars, (1991 and 1995), Chicago.Castle, Alan F., “Fixed Dummy Block Extrusion,” Proceedings of 4th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1988), p. 134-134.Castle, Alan F., “Improving Fixed Dummy Block Performance,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1996), p. 301-304.Chien, Ken; Dixon, Bill; Robbins, Paul; and Jowett, Chris; “The Design and Benefits of a Thermally Stable ontainer,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.427-450.Colden, Rick, and Cramlet, Adam, “Catastrophic Failure: A 48 Hour Remedy,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Conserva, M., Donzelli, G., and Trippodo, R., Aluminium and its Applications, Edimet SpA, via Corfu 102, 25124 Brescia, Italy.Crosti, M., “’Thermal Alignment’: Temperature Control in Extrusion Technology,” presented at Aluminium 2000, Rome, March 2003.Cunningham, James, “Review of Proper Bolting Practices – Applying Torque or Tension to a Bolted Connection,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.521-535.Davidson, Wilson, and Kazanowski, Pawel, “Analysis and Modification of a Prematurely Fractured Container Shifting Rod,” Proceedings of 11th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2016), p.537-554.Demar, Ben, Basic Mechanical Aspects of an Extrusion Press Rebuild, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.Demar, Ben, Understanding Your Press Components from a Maintenance Perspective, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, October, 2021.Dickson, Richard, and Jowett, Chris, Press Alignment and its Impact on Extrusion Performance, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2014.Douglas, M., “High Temperature Textile Products for Aluminum Extrusion Handling Systems,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1996), p. 287-292.Dunn, Dan, Press Tooling and Die Heating, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.Dunn, Dan, Press Tooling & Temperature Control, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshops, Atlanta, October 2021 and June, 2023.Dyla, James, “Protect Your Press Tools,” Proceedings of 7th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol II, (2000), p. 277-282.Dyla, James, “Enhanced Tool Lubrication Systems,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Dyla, James, Aluminum Extrusion Process Lubrication Systems, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.Eidson, B., “Improving Equipment Effectiveness Through Total Productive Manufacturing,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1996), p. 315-319.Ferryman, Roger L., “Proper Handling of Hydraulic Oil in the Extrusion Press,” Proceedings of 5th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1992), p. 583-585.Fielding, Roger A. P. and A. J. Bryant, “The Quest for Optimal Extrusion Billet Heating,” Light Metal Age, Vol. 59, No. 8, August 2001, 24 – 36.Fourmann, Jerome, Metallurgy and Artificial Ageing Principals, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2018.“Fractography,” ASM Metals Handbook, 9th Ed., Vol. 12, ASM International, 1992.Freese, Howard W., “Alignment of the Extrusion Press,” Proceedings of 3rd International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1984), p. 105 111.Freri, Enrico, “Advantages of a ’Special Nozzles’ Cooling Tunnel,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Gaube, Doris, “Technical Textiles for Handling Systems: Introducing High Tech While Avoiding Basic Mistakes,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Gramaticopolo, F., “Flying Cut Puller Without Hand-off,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Gramaticopolo, F., and Kennedy, Al, “Modifications to the Extrusion Press and Handling System for Increased Reliability and Productivity,” Proceedings of 5th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. II, (1992), p. 263-271.Grube, Jeff, Extrusion Press Hydraulics, presentation at AEC Press Maintenance Workshop, Atlanta, April 2015.Hahnel, Werner, “Mastering Challenges in Aluminum Extrusion Through the Use of Premium Steels,” Aluminium International Today, September/October 2021, page 37.Hahnel, Werner, and Herder, Manfred, “Tool Steel and Design of Modern Containers for Extrusion of Light Metal,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Hayes, Jack, “Proper System Maintenance to Avoid Contamination and Cavitation,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1991), Chicago.Hull, D., “Fractography. Observing, Measuring and Interpreting Fracture Surface Topography,” Cambridge University Press, 1999.Industrial Ventilation Manual, published by the Committee on Industrial Ventilation, PO Box 16153, Lansing MI 48901 USA. Sales: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1300 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati OH 45240 USA. www.acgih.org/resources/press/vent25th.htm.Jenista, David, “Practical Non-Contact Temperature Measurement for Gas-Fired Billet Heating Furnaces,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004).Johnen, Willi, “Further Developments with Regard to Single-Billet Induction Heaters for Light Metal Extrusion Billets,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Jowett, Chris, “The Importance of Tooling Temperature Control,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar (2004).Jowett, Chris; Johannes, Veikko; Langille, Al; Fraser, Warren; and Yoshimura, Hideki, “The Causes of Variation in Extruded Section Weight,” Proceedings of 7th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (2000), p. 1-16.Kennedy, Al, “Modernizing the Extrusion Press and Handling System: Adapting New Technology to Older Plants,” Proceedings of 6th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Vol. I, (1996), p. 105-112.Kennedy, Al, “Modernizing the Extrusion Press and Handling System,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1991), Chicago.Kennedy, Al, “Modernizing the Older Press and Related Equipment,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1995), Chicago.Kennedy, Al, “Ten High-Tech Tools for Extrusion Plant Maintenance,” presented at the Aluminium 2000 Conference in Rome, March, 2003.Kennedy, Al, “The Extrusion Press Line for 2024: A Forecast,” Proceedings of 8th International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, (2004)Laue, Kurt, and Stenger, Helmut, Extrusion, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073.Lowery, Alex, “Developing Hazardous Energy Isolation Programs,” Light Metal Age Magazine, Octgober, 2023, page 66.Luscombe, Jon, “Log Furnace Maintenance,” presented at AEC Press Maintenance Seminar, (1995), Chicago.Luscombe, Jon, “Billet Heaters and Log Shears: Servicing for Optimum Performance,” presentation at AEC Maintenance Seminar, (2002), Chicago.MacGregor, Charles W., “Mechanical Properties of Materials,” Marks’ Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, NY, p. 5-2.Mahmoodkhani, Yahya, and Paul Robbins; “Material Selecction for Extrusion Tooling, Part I,” Light Metal Age Magazine, October 2021, page 30. 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